Nitazenes have recently surfaced the illicit opioid market, causing numerous intoxications and fatalities. N -Pyrrolidino derivatives, protonitazepyne and metonitazepyne, have circulated since 2023 and have been involved in overdose intoxications. Their pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. However, pharmacokinetic/dynamic data are crucial for clinicians and toxicologists to manage intoxications and interpret lega...

The emergence of novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) poses significant challenges to public health, toxicologists, and law enforcement. Since the comprehensive scheduling of fentanyl analogues in many countries worldwide, several non-fentanyl NSOs have emerged on the illicit drug market, increasing the risks of addiction and fatal overdoses. Dipyanone, a methadone-like NSO, was first identified in drug seizures in 2021 and later al...

Nowadays, synthetic cathinones (SCs) is the second more representative subclass of New Psychoactive Substances, accounting for 104 analogues in the illegal market. Since its first report in 2011, α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) gained popularity among drug users, provoking an increased number of intoxications. Nonetheless, pharmacokinetics data is still limited in the literature. An observational non-controlled naturalistic...