Simone Schmid results 15
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Listening to orthoptera in agroforestry: methodological and management insights for conservationNARA Subscribed
Biodiversity, particularly insects, faces considerable threats in intensively managed agricultural landscapes. Agroforestry systems (AFS), which integrate woody elements into agricultural land, can enhance biodiversity. This study aims to identify management factors influencing orthopteran richness and abundance in AFS. Additionally, it evaluates the utility of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for orthopteran detection by com...
Sustainable Land Use Enhances Soil Microbial Respiration Responses to Experimental Heat StressNARA Subscribed
Soil microbial communities provide numerous ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, decomposition, and carbon storage. However, global change, including land‐use and climate changes, affects soil microbial communities and activity. As extreme weather events (e.g., heatwaves) tend to increase in magnitude and frequency, we investigated the effects of heat stress on the activity (e.g., respiration) of soil microbial commu...
Tree Diversity Increases Forest Temperature Buffering via Enhancing Canopy Density and Structural DiversityNARA Subscribed
Global warming is increasing the frequency and intensity of climate extremes. Forests may buffer climate extremes by creating their own attenuated microclimate below their canopy, which maintains forest functioning and biodiversity. However, the effect of tree diversity on temperature buffering in forests is largely unexplored. Here, we show that tree species richness increases forest temperature buffering across temporal scal...
Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threatsNARA Subscribed
Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree...
Immunogenetics, sylvatic plague and its vectors: insights from the pathogen reservoir Mastomys natalensis in TanzaniaNARA Subscribed
Yersinia pestis is a historically important vector-borne pathogen causing plague in humans and other mammals. Contemporary zoonotic infections with Y. pestis still occur in sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania and Madagascar, but receive relatively little attention. Thus, the role of wildlife reservoirs in maintaining sylvatic plague and spillover risks to humans is largely unknown. The multimammate rodent Mastomys natalensi...
Climate change drives loss of bacterial gut mutualists at the expense of host survival in wild meerkatsNARA Subscribed
Climate change and climate‐driven increases in infectious disease threaten wildlife populations globally. Gut microbial responses are predicted to either buffer or exacerbate the negative impacts of these twin pressures on host populations. However, examples that document how gut microbial communities respond to long‐term shifts in climate and associated disease risk, and the consequences for host survival, are rare. Over the...
MHC class II genes mediate susceptibility and resistance to coronavirus infections in batsNARA Subscribed
Understanding the immunogenetic basis of coronavirus (CoV) susceptibility in major pathogen reservoirs, such as bats, is central to inferring their zoonotic potential. Members of the cryptic Hipposideros bat species complex differ in CoV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are the best understood genetic basis of pathogen resistance, and differen...
Interaction between MHC diversity and constitution, gut microbiota and Astrovirus infections in a neotropical batNARA Subscribed
Astroviruses (AstVs) infect numerous mammalian species including reservoirs such as bats. Peptides encoded by the genes of the highly polymorphic Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) form the first line of host defence against pathogens. Aside from direct involvement in mounting adaptive immune responses, MHC class II genes are hypothesized to regulate gut commensal diversity and shape the production of immune‐modulatory sub...
Mechanisms to exclude local people from forests: Shifting power relations in forest transitionsNARA Subscribed
Forest transitions may significantly contribute to climate change mitigation but also change forest use, affecting the local people benefiting from forests. We analyze forest transitions as contested processes that simplify multifunctional landscapes and alter local livelihoods. Drawing on the Theory of Access, we develop a conceptual framework to investigate practices of multifunctional forest use and the mechanisms that excl...
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