Several satellite-derived water quality and sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Copernicus program are available for coastal environments, but most rely on empirical algorithms that do not fully capture the bio-optical complexity of these waters. Unlike open-ocean conditions, coastal optical properties are shaped not only by chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) but also by total suspended matter (TSM) and colored dissolved organi...

Monitoring Essential Ocean, Climate, and Biodiversity Variables (EOVs, ECVs and EBVs) collected through the marine Research Infrastructures (RIs) is critical for assessing environmental status, improving scientific knowledge and defining environmental policies. This study evaluates the capacity of the Italian marine monitoring system, including facilities such as fixed stations, buoys, autonomous platforms, and mobile systems...