The phylogeographical structure of the closely related species Rhodnius prolixus and R. robustus is presented based on a 663‐base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Twenty haplotypes were recovered from 84 samples examined, representing 26 populations from seven Latin American countries. The resulting phylogenetic tree is composed of five major reciprocally monophyletic clades, one representing R. proli...