Understanding the hydraulic resistance and stability of boulders is essential for river engineering, river morphology, and hydraulic structure design. This study quantifies hydrodynamic forces acting on a cubical block resting on a smooth, rigid bed under near-critical to supercritical flow conditions, with bed slopes of 0.4-−1.3% and Froude numbers ( Fr ) in the range $$1.2 \le Fr \le 2.8$$ . Time-resolved force measurements...

Bedload transport is an important factor to describe the hydromorphological processes of fluvial systems. However, conventional bedload sampling methods have large uncertainty, making it harder to understand this notoriously complex phenomenon. In this study, a novel, image-based approach, the Video-based Bedload Tracker (VBT), is implemented to quantify gravel bedload transport by combining two different techniques: Statistic...