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Sea ice-melt amount estimated from spring hydrography in the Sea of Okhotsk: spatial and interannual variabilitiesNARA Subscribed
This study provides the first estimation of sea ice-melt amount in the Sea of Okhotsk based on spring hydrographic data accumulated for nearly a hundred years. Just after sea ice melts completely, a low-salinity layer appears on the ocean surface, overlying the layer of Winter Water at the freezing point. The integration of the salinity decrease from Winter Water should correspond to the total ice-melt amount. We developed an...
Dense, cold waters formed on Antarctic continental shelves descend along the Antarctic continental margin, where they mix with other Southern Ocean waters to form Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW then spreads into the deepest parts of all major ocean basins, isolating heat and carbon from the atmosphere for centuries. Despite AABW’s key role in regulating Earth’s climate on long time scales and in recording Southern Ocean c...
A globally relevant change taxonomy and evidence‐based change framework for land monitoringNARA Subscribed
A globally relevant and standardized taxonomy and framework for consistently describing land cover change based on evidence is presented, which makes use of structured land cover taxonomies and is underpinned by the Driver‐Pressure‐State‐Impact‐Response (DPSIR) framework. The Global Change Taxonomy currently lists 246 classes based on the notation ‘impact (pressure)’, with this encompassing the consequence of observed change a...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authoritiesNARA Subscribed
Aim Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal spec...
Bright spots as climate‐smart marine spatial planning tools for conservation and blue growthNARA Subscribed
Marine spatial planning that addresses ocean climate‐driven change (‘climate‐smart MSP’) is a global aspiration to support economic growth, food security and ecosystem sustainability. Ocean climate change (‘CC’) modelling may become a key decision‐support tool for MSP, but traditional modelling analysis and communication challenges prevent their broad uptake. We employed MSP‐specific ocean climate modelling analyses to inform...
Parasites impose strong selection on their hosts, but the level of any evolved resistance may be constrained by the availability of resources. However, studies identifying the genomic basis of such resource‐mediated selection are rare, particularly in nonmodel organisms. Here, we investigated the role of nutrition in the evolution of resistance to a DNA virus (PiGV), and any associated trade‐offs in a lepidopteran pest species...
Implementation of access and benefit-sharing measures has consequences for classical biological control of weedsNARA Subscribed
The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol establish that genetic resources shall be accessed only upon the existence of prior informed consent of the country that provides those resources and that benefits arising from their utilization shall be shared. Pursuant to both agreements several countries have adopted regulations on access and benefit-sharing. These regulations have created a challenging obstacle...
Thermal adaptation and phosphorus shape thermal performance in an assemblage of rainforest antsNARA Subscribed
We studied the Thermal Performance Curves ( TPC s) of 87 species of rainforest ants and found support for both the Thermal Adaptation and Phosphorus‐Tolerance hypotheses. TPC s relate a fitness proxy (here, worker speed) to environmental temperature. Thermal Adaptation posits that thermal generalists (ants with flatter, broader TPC s) are favored in the hotter, more variable tropical canopy compared to the cooler, less variabl...
Thermal adaptation generates a diversity of thermal limits in a rainforest ant communityNARA Subscribed
The Thermal Adaptation Hypothesis posits that the warmer, aseasonal tropics generates populations with higher and narrower thermal limits. It has largely been tested among populations across latitudes. However, considerable thermal heterogeneity exists within ecosystems: across 31 trees in a Panama rainforest, surfaces exposed to sun were 8 °C warmer and varied more in temperature than surfaces in the litter below. Tiny ectoth...