Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in...

Nauplii and adults of Robertsonia propinqua , a marine sediment‐dwelling copepod, were used in 96‐h static range‐finder toxicity tests to assess the lethal concentration at which 50% of test organisms are killed (LC 50 ) by atrazine (a herbicide) and zinc sulfate. Atrazine and zinc sulfate were used at concentrations near LC 50 values published for crustaceans. LC 50 values for R. propinqua nauplii were 1.5 mg/litre for atrazi...

We explore models for the management of invertebrate pests by enhancing the efficacy or local abundance of existing natural enemies. Different aspects of natural enemy biology had different effects on prey density. Enhancement of enemy search rate or prey conversion efficiency showed the greatest potential for reducing prey density, while maximum consumption rate by predators, and parasitoid fecundity, had less effect. The eff...

The susceptibility (48‐h LC 50 values) of aquatic life stages of Xanthocnemis zealandica McLachlan to azinphos‐methyi and carbaryi was investigated. The LC50 values of azinphos‐methyi did not correlate with instar. The most susceptible stage was instar 7 (LC 50 value: 26.6 ppb), and the least susceptible were instars 2 (LC50 value: 50.2 ppb) and 13 (LC 50 value: 45.1 ppb). In contrast, LC 50 values for carbaryi were positively...