Ivermectin (IV), a commonly used antiparasitic drug for livestock and humans, eventually finds its way into aquatic environments, primarily through fecal matter and livestock carcasses. The presence of IV in water bodies may pose a risk to non-target aquatic organisms, such as phytoplankton, whose primary habitat is the aquatic environment. The adverse effects of IV may be exacerbated by its interactions with organic matter an...

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a persistent and bioaccumulative substance, has emerged as a major environmental contaminant of global concern. PFOS, widely used in industry and consumer products, is common in aquatic ecosystems and may harm primary producers like phytoplankton, though its effects on their community structure and physiology remain unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of PFOS on freshwater physicochem...