Plants are often exposed to environmental constraints and abiotic stresses such as heavy metal(loid)s that can severely impair plant growth, development, and productivity. Metal stress triggers a cascade of molecular, physiological, and biochemical-induced responses, often resulting in cellular damages and growth arrest. To counter this, plants have evolved efficient strategies that either restrict metal uptake or facilitate i...

Mystus gulio and Mystus cavasius are small indigenous fish species (SIFs) found throughout the year at the various stretches of the river Ganga and contribute significantly to the commercial fishery. The current study was conducted with a total of 609 specimens of M. gulio with a total length ranging from 84 to 190 mm and 377 specimens of M. cavasius with a total length ranging from 51 to 232 mm, collected from eight selected...