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Technical mitigation measures to reduce the bycatch of sharks: there is no silver bulletNARA Subscribed
Incidental catch (bycatch) of sharks in commercial fisheries is driving global population declines. In this review we assess the efficacy of a comprehensive list of technical bycatch mitigation measures for all major commercial fishing gears. We structured our review around the three stages of capture where opportunities exist to mitigate bycatch: preventing capture; increasing escape probability; and decreasing at-vessel/post...
Bottom‐tow gear fisheries (trawls and dredges) produce ~24 million mt of harvest annually, representing a globally important animal‐sourced food system. While many are currently sustainably managed, growing concern over the potential for ecosystem impacts from bottom‐tow gears has increased pressure to improve these fisheries. We assembled an international working group of > 30 contributors, including fishing industry particip...
Lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens ) growth and longevity estimated from adult capture–mark–recapture dataNARA Subscribed
Effective fishery management policy depends on accurate life‐history data, particularly for harvested species. Longevity is a core life‐history trait that is directly related to annual survival and lifetime reproductive potential, but fish longevity is generally not well documented, particularly for long‐lived species. We used capture–mark–recapture data spanning 44 years as an alternative method to estimate sex‐specific adult...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Distributed optical fibre sensing (DOFS) is a technology that enables continuous, real-time measurements of a range of environmental parameters along the length of a fibre optic cable. In this article, we review the recently emerged applications of DOFS techniques in physical oceanography and offer a perspective on the technology's potential for future growth within the field. The introduction of DOFS to physical oceanography...
Little is known about the semiochemicals that mediate the reproductive behavior of click beetles, the Elateridae. Research over the past two decades has begun to fill this gap, with: (1) the discovery of sex attractants for a number of pest and non-pest species, and (2) subsequent studies toward development of semiochemically-based pest management approaches and conservation initiatives for pests and non-pests, respectively. W...
Success of restoration strategies in preventing extirpation of 2 critically endangered coral speciesNARA Subscribed
An unprecedented marine heatwave in 2023 caused widespread coral bleaching and mortality throughout the Caribbean. In the Florida Keys (USA), 2 foundation species, elkhorn coral ( Acropora palmata ) and staghorn coral ( Acropora cervicornis ), were severely affected. These species have been the primary focus of reef restoration in Florida for decades. Substantial losses of these species occurred in outplanted populations, in o...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Adopted “mammoths” from Alaska turn out to be a whale's taleNARA Subscribed
Radiocarbon‐dated fossils indicate woolly mammoths were extirpated from mainland Beringia around 13 000 years ago. However, environmental DNA in permafrost suggests small “cryptic“ populations survived into the Holocene. Resolving this discrepancy is crucial to understanding the drivers of mammoth extinction. The Adopt‐a‐Mammoth project, launched in 2022, is increasing the number of radiocarbon‐dated mammoth fossils to locate...
In 2024, an expedition was conducted off northwestern Baja California, México, to find and identify the beaked whale species that produced the BW43 echolocation pulse previously recorded in this area and elsewhere in the North Pacific. There were five Mesoplodon sightings and 21 BW43 acoustic detections on both a towed array and drifting pole buoy recorders over the course of the survey. Three of the sightings had concurrent a...
Important parts of the visual pathway occur in relatively small subcortical structures that are often difficult to identify and segment using standard structural scans in MRI (e.g. T1 and T2 scans). Studies of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) often use proton density (PD) scan protocols, repeated up to 40 times, then manually segment the LGN structure from the average image. Efficiency is crucial when conducting MRI scans:...
Salt marshes of the northern Gulf of Mexico provide many ecosystem services, including supporting some of the USA’s most productive fisheries. Early work identified links between salt marsh area and commercial shrimp landings, while more recent research highlighted the importance of marsh edge. Many species appear to be restricted to the outer few meters of the vegetated marsh even when large areas are flooded for extended per...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...