Studies on downstream passage of diadromous fishes in northern E urope are rare, and in N orway, the problem is strongly linked to demands for efficient hydropower production. The current study explored mitigating measures using a hydropower simulation model for A tlantic salmon, S almo salar L., smolt migration. Migration pattern and route choice at a hydropower intake for 22 years were described for a river in southern N orw...

Summary Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4 is an extreme but facultative alkaliphile that grows non‐fermentatively in a pH range from 7.5 to above 11.4 and can withstand large sudden increases in external pH. It is a model organism for studies of bioenergetics at high pH, at which energy demands are higher than at neutral pH because both cytoplasmic pH homeostasis and ATP synthesis require more energy. The alkaliphile also tolerates a...