In the North Pacific, there are at least three genetically different ecotypes of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ), referred to as resident, offshore, and transient. A previous study suggested that killer whales around Hokkaido belong to fish‐eating (resident and/or offshore ecotypes) and mammal‐eating (transient ecotype) groups. These results were supported by haplotypes based on the combination of 1193 bp of cytochrome b and 42...

Chlorine is the most common disinfectant in drinking water worldwide, and the free residual chlorine concentration has been stipulated at least 0.1 mg/L according to Japanese drinking water standard to ensure disinfection efficacy during distribution. In addition, Japan is also applying approximately 0.4 mg/L chlorine at treatment plants to supply tasty drinkable water to residents. Although a concentration lower than 0.4 mg/L...

Over the past century, the demand for petroleum products has increased rapidly, leading to higher oil extraction, processing and transportation, which result in numerous oil spills in coastal-marine environments. As the spilled oil can negatively affect the coastal-marine ecosystems, its transport and fates captured a significant interest of the scientific community and regulatory agencies. Typically, the environment has natur...

We aimed to assess and observe the accumulation of Cu, Cd, and Hg heavy metals on land and the contamination of plant tissues in Grand Forest Park, Palu, Indonesia, and its surrounding areas. The method used was a mix between survey and investigation, integrating data on research findings from before 2013 to 2016 with data from 2018. The data were analyzed using a correlation test, and descriptive statistics are presented in t...

Although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants, betalains have replaced anthocyanins in most species of the order Caryophyllales. The accumulation of flavonols in Caryophyllales plants implies that the late step of anthocyanin biosynthesis from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins may be blocked in Caryophyllales. The isolation and characterization of functional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin sy...