Despite growing recognition that natural rewards can mitigate stress responses, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether limited sucrose intake (LSI), a paradigm of repeated natural food reward, induces structural plasticity in parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons and their perineuronal nets (PNNs) within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key region involved in str...

In rodents, innate and learned fear of predators depends on the medial hypothalamic defensive system, a conserved brain network that lies downstream of the amygdala and promotes avoidance via projections to the periaqueductal gray. Whether this network is involved in primate fear remains unknown. To address this, we provoked flight responses to a predator (moving snake) in the marmoset monkey under laboratory conditions. We co...