The oceanic silicon (Si) cycle has undergone a profound transformation from an abiotic system in the Precambrian to a biologically regulated cycle driven by siliceous organisms such as diatoms, Rhizaria, and sponges. These organisms actively uptake Si using specialized proteins to transport and polymerize it into amorphous silica through the process of biosilicification. This biological control varies depending on environmenta...

Calorie restriction has been shown to dramatically extend lifespan in a range of species. Beyond longevity, calorie restriction is also reported to improve cognitive function, ameliorate neurodegeneration and peripheral nerve damage, reduce cancer incidence, and is commonly used to increase motivation in studies of behaviour. The mouse has been the most common species for these experiments and whilst efforts are ongoing to dem...

Protected areas are typically managed as a network of sites exposed to varying anthropogenic conditions. Managing these networks benefits from monitoring of conditions across sites to help prioritize coordinated efforts. Monitoring marine vessel activity and related underwater radiated noise impacts across a network of protected areas, like the U.S. National Marine Sanctuary system, helps managers ensure the quality of habitat...

Although Hubbs' beaked whale ( Mesoplodon carlhubbsi ) was previously known from over 60 strandings on both sides of the North Pacific, it had been identified alive in the wild only once, off Oregon in 1994. In September 2021, we conducted a search effort for beaked whales off the coast of Oregon using a towed hydrophone array and a visual search team. Approximately 350 km off the Columbia River mouth, we detected the vocaliza...

An important driver behind introductions for aquaculture of alien fish species into Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) is a lack of knowledge about domestication suitability and specific culture requirements of indigenous taxa. Introductions may be appropriate in some circumstances, but in other circumstances, the associated risks may outweigh the benefits, so greater understanding of indigenous species' aquacult...

In late 2020, models predicted that a strong La Niña would take place for the first time since 2013, and we assessed whether physical and biological indicators in 2021 were similar to past La Niñas in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). The Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Oceanic Niño Index indeed remained negative throughout 2021; the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Index, however, remained strongly negative. The seventh l...

Soundscapes offer rich descriptions of composite acoustic environments. Characterizing marine soundscapes simply through sound levels results in incomplete descriptions, limits the understanding of unique features, and impedes meaningful comparisons. Sources that contribute to sound level metrics shift in time and space with changes in biological patterns, physical forces, and human activity. The presence of a constant or chro...

Low-frequency sound from large vessels is a major, global source of ocean noise that can interfere with acoustic communication for a variety of marine animals. Changes in vessel activity provide opportunities to quantify relationships between vessel traffic levels and soundscape conditions in biologically important habitats. Using continuous deep-sea (890 m) recordings acquired ∼20 km (closest point of approach) from offshore...

Summary The purpose of this study was to test for direct inhibition of rice canopy apparent respiration by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) across a range of short‐term air temperature treatments. Rice (cv. IR‐72) was grown in eight naturally sunlit, semiclosed, plant growth chambers at daytime [CO 2 ] treatments of 350 and 700 μmol mol −1. Short‐term night‐time air temperature treatments ranged from...