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Divergent temporal dynamics of native and non‐native insular arthropods in fragmented forestsNARA Subscribed
Non‐native species introductions have caused biodiversity loss worldwide, yet it is unclear how temporal diversity patterns vary across native and non‐native communities, and what mechanisms control their respective dynamics and assembly. Using a unique 12‐year time series dataset of arthropods sampled in forest fragments on Terceira Island, we observed no systematic species losses but steady temporal β‐diversity (Sørensen dis...
This study compared heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of cardiovascular autonomic regulation between well-trained masters and young cyclists at rest, during and following a continuous cycle (CTS) protocol. Ten masters (age = 56 ± 5 years) and eight young (age = 26 ± 3 years) cyclists completed a 100 min experimental protocol consisting of a 60 min CTS cycling bout at 95% of Ventilatory Threshold 2 followed by 40 min of s...
Current understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes underlying island biodiversity is heavily shaped by empirical data from plants and birds, although arthropods comprise the overwhelming majority of known animal species, and as such can provide key insights into processes governing biodiversity. Novel high throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches are now emerging as powerful tools to overcome limitations in the avail...
Research on island species–area relationships (ISAR) has expanded to incorporate functional (IFDAR) and phylogenetic (IPDAR) diversity. However, relative to the ISAR, we know little about IFDARs and IPDARs, and lack synthetic global analyses of variation in form of these three categories of island diversity–area relationship (IDAR). Here, we undertake the first comparative evaluation of IDARs at the global scale using 51 avian...
Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impactNARA Subscribed
Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement aga...
A biogeographical perspective on species abundance distributions: recent advances and opportunities for future researchNARA Subscribed
It has become increasingly recognized that multiple processes can generate similar shapes of species abundance distributions ( SAD s), with the result that the fit of a given SAD model cannot unambiguously provide evidence in support of a given theory or model. An alternative approach to comparing the fit of different SAD models to data from a single site is to collect abundance data from a variety of sites, and then build mod...
A roadmap for island biology: 50 fundamental questions after 50 years of The Theory of Island BiogeographyNARA Subscribed
Aims The 50th anniversary of the publication of the seminal book, The Theory of Island Biogeography , by Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson, is a timely moment to review and identify key research foci that could advance island biology. Here, we take a collaborative horizon‐scanning approach to identify 50 fundamental questions for the continued development of the field. Location Worldwide. Methods We adapted a well‐estab...
Hybrid speciation in sparrows I: phenotypic intermediacy, genetic admixture and barriers to gene flowNARA Subscribed
Homoploid hybrid speciation is thought to require unusual circumstances to yield reproductive isolation from the parental species, and few examples are known from nature. Here, we present genetic evidence for this mode of speciation in birds. Using Bayesian assignment analyses of 751 individuals genotyped for 14 unlinked, nuclear microsatellite loci, we show that the phenotypically intermediate Italian sparrow ( Passer italiae...
Homoploid hybrid speciation in animals is poorly understood, mainly because of the scarcity of well‐documented cases. Here, we present the results of a multilocus sequence analysis on the house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ), Spanish sparrow ( P. hispaniolensis ) and their proposed hybrid descendant, the Italian sparrow ( P. italiae ). The Italian sparrow is shown to be genetically intermediate between the house sparrow and Spa...
Data from two Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) (2005–2007) augmented with data subsets from ten cruises (1987–2005) were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of the CO2 fugacity in seawater (fCO2sw) in the North Sea at seasonal and inter-annual time scales. The observed seasonal fCO2sw variations were related to variations in sea surface temperature (SST), biology plus mixing, and air-sea CO2 exchange. Over the stud...
Poster abstractsNARA Subscribed
Assessment of the processes controlling the seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon in the North SeaNARA Subscribed
We used a seasonal North Sea data set comprising dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ), and inorganic nutrients to assess the abiotic and biological processes governing the monthly variations of DIC. During winter, advection and air‐sea exchange of CO 2 control and increase the DIC content in the surface and deeper layers of the northern and central North Sea, with the atmosphere supplying CO 2...
Speciation, introgressive hybridization and nonlinear rate of molecular evolution in flycatchersNARA Subscribed
Evolutionary history of Muscicapidae flycatchers is inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence comparisons and population genetic analysis of nuclear and mtDNA markers. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on sequences from the two genomes yielded similar trees with respect to the order at which the species split off. However, the genetic distances fitted a nonlinear, polynomial model reflecting diminishing dive...
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