Camalexin is the key phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana and crops such as Camelina sativa . It is typically quantified by liquid chromatographic methods using camalexin dilutions as external standards. Alternatively, 6-fluoroindole-3-carboxaldehyde (6-FICA) is used as an internal standard with the advantage that identical conditions can be used for the analyte and standard, but two detectors are needed (ideally fluorescence f...

Maintaining and supporting complete biodegradation during remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater in constructed wetlands is vital for the final destruction and removal of contaminants. We aimed to compare and gain insight into biodegradation and explore possible limitations in different filter materials (sand, sand amended with biochar, expanded clay). These filters were collected from constructed wetlan...

Summary Landfill sites are responsible for 6–12% of global methane emission. Methanotrophs play a very important role in decreasing landfill site methane emissions. We investigated the methane oxidation capacity and methanotroph diversity in lysimeters simulating landfill sites with different plant vegetations. Methane oxidation rates were 35 g methane m −2 day −1 or higher for planted lysimeters and 18 g methane m −2 day −1 o...