Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in industrialized countries, resulting from diabetes mellitus. Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), synthesized by cyclooxygenases, contributes to inflammation and apoptosis via the E-prostanoid receptor 2 (EP 2 R). Our previous studies demonstrated that EP 2 R antagonists mitigate inflammation and microvascular dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced D...