Fitness consequences of early‐life environmental conditions are often sex‐specific, but corresponding evidence for invertebrates remains inconclusive. Here, we use meta‐analysis to evaluate sex‐specific sensitivity to larval nutritional conditions in insects. Using literature‐derived data for 85 species with broad phylogenetic and ecological coverage, we show that females are generally more sensitive to food stress than males....

Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing a...

The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out st...

The degree of ecological specialization plays a crucial role in shaping the structure and functioning of communities. However, comparing specialization within and among groups of organisms is complicated by both methodological issues and conceptual and terminological inconsistencies. Environmental predictability has been considered a key determinant of specialization though empirical evidence is still limited. Fungi and their...

Where predation is seasonally variable, the potential impact of a predator on individual prey species will critically depend on phenological synchrony of the predator with the prey. Here we explored the effects of seasonally variable predation in multispecies assemblages of short‐lived prey. The study was conducted in a landscape in which we had previously demonstrated generally high, but spatially and seasonally variable drag...

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 597–605 Abstract Intensification or abandonment of agricultural land use has led to a severe decline of semi‐natural habitats across Europe. This can cause immediate loss of species but also time‐delayed extinctions, known as the extinction debt. In a pan‐European study of 147 fragmented grassland remnants, we found differences in the extinction debt of species from different trophic levels. Present‐...

Practical approaches to monitoring biological diversity vary widely among countries, and the accumulating data are frequently not generalizable at the international scale. Although many present monitoring schemes, especially in developed countries, produce highly complex data, there is often a lack of basic data about the level and spatial distribution of biodiversity. We augmented the general framework for improving biomonito...