Strong spatial and temporal gradients in salinity, temperature, and carbonate chemistry in Arctic coastal surface waters complicate the estimation of air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange, particularly during sea ice breakup. The present study evaluates the applicability of the widely used bulk flux model under such conditions. This approach assumes homogeneous surface conditions and no vertical pCO2 gradients in the bulk seaw...

The decline in Arctic summer sea ice alters air–sea gas exchange. Because the Arctic Ocean accounts for 5%–14% of global oceanic carbon uptake, understanding how sea ice melt impacts the ocean’s carbon sink capacity is central to constraining future fluxes. In this study, we focus on Young Sound-Tyrolerfjord in Northeast Greenland to examine the sea ice−ocean interaction during the transition from melt onset to melt pond drain...