Drainage threatens the vast soil organic carbon (SOC) reservoirs in wetlands, but uncertainties in SOC responses across different wetlands hinder an accurate estimate of their carbon dynamics and climate mitigation capacity. Here we conducted a transcontinental pairwise survey, including 29 pairs of drained and waterlogged sites across low‐ to high‐latitude wetlands in China and Finland after decades of drainage. A total of 24...

Understanding the characteristics and variations of heat exchange and evaporation of lakes is important for regional water resource management and sustainable development. Based on eddy covariance measurements over Lake Vanajavesi in southern Finland, characteristics of energy fluxes and cold frontal effects on energy exchange were investigated. The lake acted as a heat sink in spring and summer and a heat source in winter. Th...

Scots pine, as one of the dominant European tree species in the temperate zone, is experiencing intensified water deficits, especially in north-western and central Poland, where it suffers from frequent droughts and generally low precipitation. This work investigates drought impact on forest functioning, by analysing ecosystem transpiration under normal as well as dry conditions. Therefore, eddy covariance (EC) and sap flow me...

The terrestrial net ecosystem productivity (NEP) has increased during the past three decades, but the mechanisms responsible are still unclear. We analyzed 17 years (2001–2017) of eddy‐covariance measurements of NEP, evapotranspiration (ET) and light and water use efficiency from a boreal coniferous forest in Southern Finland for trends and inter‐annual variability (IAV). The forest was a mean annual carbon sink (252 [42] gC )...

Methane (CH 4 ) emissions from northern peatlands are projected to increase due to climate change, primarily because of projected increases in soil temperature. Yet, the rates and temperature responses of the two CH 4 emission‐related microbial processes (CH 4 production by methanogens and oxidation by methanotrophs) are poorly known. Further, peatland sites within a fen‐bog gradient are known to differ in the variables that r...

While wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH 4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH 4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi‐site synthesis of how predictors of CH 4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater wetlands vary across wetland types at diel, multiday (synoptic), and seasonal time scales. We...

We quantified the role of spatially varying vegetation composition in seasonal and interannual changes in a boreal bog’s CO 2 uptake. We divided the spatially heterogeneous site into six microform classes based on plant species composition and measured their net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using chamber method over the growing seasons in 2012–2014. A nonlinear mixed-effects model was applied to assess how the contributions of mic...

Freshwater ecosystems represent a significant natural source of methane (CH 4 ). CH 4 produced through anaerobic decomposition of organic matter (OM) in lake sediment and water column can be either oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by methanotrophic microbes or emitted to the atmosphere. While the role of CH 4 oxidation as a CH 4 sink is widely accepted, neither the magnitude nor the drivers behind CH 4 oxidation are well con...

Aim The mechanisms of plant trait adaptation and acclimation are still poorly understood and, consequently, lack a consistent representation in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). Despite the increasing availability of geo‐referenced trait observations, current databases are still insufficient to cover all vegetation types and environmental conditions. In parallel, the growing number of continuous eddy‐covariance observations...

Earth observing systems are now routinely used to infer leaf area index ( LAI ) given its significance in spatial aggregation of land surface fluxes. Whether LAI is an appropriate scaling parameter for daytime growing season energy budget, surface conductance ( G s ), water‐ and light‐use efficiency and surface–atmosphere coupling of European boreal coniferous forests was explored using eddy‐covariance ( EC ) energy and CO 2 f...

In this study latent heat flux ( λE ) measurements made at 65 boreal and arctic eddy‐covariance ( EC ) sites were analyses by using the Penman–Monteith equation. Sites were stratified into nine different ecosystem types: harvested and burnt forest areas, pine forests, spruce or fir forests, Douglas‐fir forests, broadleaf deciduous forests, larch forests, wetlands, tundra and natural grasslands. The Penman–Monteith equation was...

In species that disperse by airborne propagules an inverse relationship is often assumed between propagule size and dispersal distance. However, for microscopic spores the evidence for the relationship remains ambiguous. Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models that have been successful in predicting seed dispersal appear to predict similar dispersal for all spore sizes up to ∼40 μm diameter. However, these models have assumed...