Parental age can affect offspring telomere length through heritable and epigenetic‐like effects, but at what stage during development these effects are established is not well known. To address this, we conducted a cross‐fostering experiment in common gulls ( Larus canus ) that enabled us distinguish between pre‐ and post‐natal parental age effects on offspring telomere length. Whole clutches were exchanged after clutch comple...

The concept of a pace‐of‐life syndrome describes inter‐ and intraspecific variation in several life‐history traits along a slow‐to‐fast pace‐of‐life continuum, with long lifespans, low reproductive and metabolic rates, and elevated somatic defences at the slow end of the continuum and the opposite traits at the fast end. Pace‐of‐life can vary in relation to local environmental conditions (e.g. latitude, altitude), and here we...