The future of coastal marshes depends in part on their ability to migrate inland with sea level rise into coastal forests, but projections of land conversion commonly assume that migration occurs over a static terrestrial topography. Here, we assess the assumption of a static topography in a rapidly retreating coastal upland forest by measuring surface accretion, subsurface expansion or subsidence, and net elevation change acr...

The impacts of climate change on ecosystems are manifested in how organisms respond to episodic and continuous stressors. The conversion of coastal forests to salt marshes represents a prominent example of ecosystem state change, driven by the continuous stress of sea‐level rise (press), and episodic storms (pulse). Here, we measured the rooting dimension and fall direction of 143 windthrown eastern red cedar ( Juniperus virgi...