Liquefaction and dynamic separation of moisture-sensitive solid bulk cargoes may remain latent for much of a voyage and then manifest as a sustained heel, leaving a comparatively short interval for emergency action. This study develops an exploratory reliability-based analysis of accident chronology using a source-traceable registry of 35 casualties and incidents. Eighteen cases provided post-heel information suitable for the...

Coral transplantation is a key tool for reef restoration, yet high post-transplant mortality (particularly during early stages) continues to limit its effectiveness. Predation by corallivorous sea stars is a major cause of transplant loss, but the role of mutualistic crabs ( Trapezia spp. and Tetralia spp.) in mediating age- and size-dependent resistance remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally tested whether the pro...