High-energy events such as tsunamis pose significant threats to coastal infrastructure and buildings, necessitating effective mitigation strategies to minimize damage. Compared to massive construction measures, buffer blocks are increasingly recognized as a potential solution for reducing the impact of such events. Understanding their effectiveness and optimizing their placement configurations is crucial for enhancing coastal...

The moored buoy network in the Indian Ocean revolutionized the observational programs with systematic time-series measurement of in situ data sets from remote marine locations. The real-time meteorological and oceanographic data sets significantly improved the weather forecast and warning services particularly during extreme events since its inception in 1997. The sustenance of the network requires persistent efforts to overco...