Single beam sonars can provide valuable acoustic information on the structure of benthic habitats and the contents of the water column. Nominally, acoustic sensors that provide water column data in scientific applications can cost tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars. In contrast, consumer grade fish finders that are mass produced are very inexpensive, costing only tens or hundreds of dollars. Unlocking a fish finder for s...

Ecology Letters (2011) Abstract Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In situ warming experiments accelerate climate change on a small scale to forecast responses of local plant communities. Limitations of this approach include the apparent site‐specificity of results and uncertainty about the power of short‐term...