Halving carbon emissions from tropical deforestation by 2020 could help bring the international community closer to the agreed goal of NYDF ). We assemble and refine a robust dataset to establish a 2001–2013 benchmark for average annual carbon emissions from gross tropical deforestation at 2.270 Gt CO 2 yr −1 . Brazil did not sign the NYDF , yet from 2001 to 2013, Brazil ranks first for both carbon emissions from gross tropica...