The blood-brain barrier consists of tightly connected endothelial cells protecting the brain’s microenvironment from the periphery. These endothelial cells are characterized by specific tight junction proteins such as Claudin-5 and Occludin, forming the endothelial barrier. Disrupting these cells might lead to blood-brain barrier dysfunction. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can regulate the expression of these tight juncti...

Canadian and American waterfowl hunters were surveyed to identify their hunting trip preferences. Respondents were individuals that were now participating or had participated in waterfowl hunting, and most had hunted the majority of the last five years. We identified four latent classes of waterfowl hunters that varied in their preferences for harvest, access effort, length of travel, quantity of waterfowl seen, and the potent...

Diet and health are strongly linked, though the strict changes in diet required to improve health outcomes are usually difficult to sustain. We sought to understand whether short-term bouts of amino acid–specific modifications to the diet of Drosophila melanogaster could mimic the lifespan and stress resistance benefits of dietary restriction, without the requirement for drastic reductions in food intake. We found that flies t...

Physical processes may affect ecosystem structure and function through the accumulation, transport, and dispersal of organic and inorganic materials, nutrients, and organisms; they structure physical habitat and can influence predator–prey interactions and trophic production. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, horizontal currents generally dominate, but little is known about the effects of vertical mixing on lake food webs. We dev...

We introduced a multilevel model of value shift to describe the changing social context of wildlife conservation. Our model depicts how cultural‐level processes driven by modernization (e.g., increased wealth, education, and urbanization) affect changes in individual‐level cognition that prompt a shift from domination to mutualism wildlife values. Domination values promote beliefs that wildlife should be used primarily to bene...

Current planting technology possesses the ability to increase crop productivity and improve field efficiency by precisely metering and placing crop seeds. Planter performance depends on determining and utilizing optimal settings for different planting variables such as seed depth, down pressure, and seed metering unit. The evolution of “Big Data” in agriculture today brings focus on the need for quality as-planted and yield ma...

Anthropogenic stressors are impacting ecological systems across the world. Of particular concern are the recent rapid changes occurring in coral reef systems. With ongoing degradation from both local and global stressors, future reefs are likely to function differently from current coral‐dominated ecosystems. Determining key attributes of future reef states is critical to reliably predict outcomes for ecosystem service provisi...

Climate change and ocean acidification are altering marine ecosystems and, from a human perspective, creating both winners and losers. Human responses to these changes are complex, but may result in reduced government investments in regulation, resource management, monitoring and enforcement. Moreover, a lack of peoples’ experience of climate change may drive some towards attributing the symptoms of climate change to more fami...

Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) is a pest species in Australian waterways, and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (Cy HV ‐3) is being considered as a potential biological control (biocontrol) agent. An important consideration for any such agent is its target specificity. In this study, the susceptibility to Cy HV ‐3 of a range of non‐target species ( NTS ) was tested. The NTS were as follows: 13 native Australian, and one introduced, fish spec...

Collared lemmings (genus D icrostonyx ) are circumpolar A rctic arvicoline rodents associated with tundra. However, during the last glacial maximum ( LGM ), D icrostonyx lived along the southern ice margin of the L aurentide ice sheet in communities comprising both temperate and boreal species. To better understand these communities and the fate of these southern individuals, we compare mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data...