Glutathione is a ubiquitous antioxidant with critical roles in xenobiotic clearance and aerobic metabolism. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is converted to its oxidized counterpart, GSSG, in the process of neutralizing free radicals and maintaining biochemical homeostasis. An imbalance between free radical generation and antioxidant protection leads to oxidative stress and diminished GSH concentrations. Polymorphisms in GSH synthesi...

Anthropogenic influences on landscapes changed wildlife communities immensely over the last century. One notable example of human-derived change is the expansion of coyote ( Canis latrans ) populations following the extirpation of apex carnivores and the inception of industrial agriculture in North America. In Illinois, USA, the Department of Natural Resources estimates relative abundance of coyotes using a variety of survey t...

Illegal wildlife trade is often male dominated at harvest, yet women’s roles across supply chains are under-examined. This study adds substantially to this growing body of knowledge drawing on 112 semi-structured interviews with law enforcement and illegal wildlife trade experts in South Africa, Hong Kong, and Canada. We show women participate in finance and money laundering, brokerage, logistics, retail, online marketing, and...

Accurate tracking and measurement of pollen dispersal in the atmosphere are essential for assessing cross-pollination risks, particularly in the case of genetically engineered (GE) crops. We conducted a series of unique release-recapture field studies with GE switchgrass in Oliver Springs, TN, USA. Two hundred transgenic switchgrass plants ( Panicum virgatum L. “Performer”) were planted at the center of a clear-cut field, with...

Herbivores play key roles on reefs by consuming algae that compete with corals. Cleaning mutualisms can alter the distribution and feeding behavior of herbivorous fishes and may indirectly affect benthic communities. These dynamics were examined on patch reefs with and naturally without the bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus , in July 2021 in Moorea, French Polynesia (17°28’35.52"S, 149°48’58.35"W) using herbivory...

Lancefield Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae recently emerged as a catfish pathogen in the US. Reports from hatcheries suggest S. dysgalactiae causes substantial broodfish loss. We aimed to develop a challenge model and evaluate vaccine efficacy against S. dysgalactiae in juvenile channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ). Three S. dysgalactiae (14–1, 14–24 and 14–25) isolates were tested for virulence. Intracoelomic (IC) injec...

Coral reefs are biodiverse and productive ecosystems that are found in typically oligotrophic environments. Many studies have attempted to explain this paradox by demonstrating that microbial symbionts expand metabolic capabilities of host animals. However, few studies have determined if and how coexisting organisms and their symbiotic microbial communities partition available dissolved organic matter. To address this question...

Community‐based coastal governance is essential for biodiversity conservation and sustainable livelihoods, yet many communities continue to face significant challenges in establishing and sustaining effective governance systems. We sought to improve understanding of the current status of community‐based coastal governance across five countries in the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) region of Africa. Using the Elinor tool and dat...

Current practice seeks to conceal the visual impact of land‐use change (i.e., development). Six percent of development impact assessments in Australia and 14% of the World Bank's assessments recommend visual impact mitigation. This mitigation results in, for example, vegetated buffer strips alongside cleared agricultural areas and earthen mounds that block environmental degradation from view. These measures make living alongsi...

Climate change and development are having a profound influence on the integrity of coastal Bangladesh’s people, economy and ecology with climate change widely considered the dominant driver. Our bespoke integrated assessment model (IAM) simulates these changes for rural areas by coupling physical models with economic models, considering shocks like cyclone landfalls, and utilising substantial primary/secondary datasets and sta...

Angler demographics and motivations are an important consideration to successful fisheries management. We examined 29 years of angler license and activity records from the recreational Atlantic salmon fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to: (1) provide a contemporary evaluation of angler demographic trends; (2) evaluate age and regional differences between anglers who prioritized retention versus catch‐and‐release; an...

Orthologs are fundamental for enabling comparative genomics analyses that further our understanding of eukaryotic biology. The unprecedented increase in the availability of high-quality eukaryotic genomes necessitates scalable and accurate methods for orthology inference. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) developed “NCBI Orthologs”, a resource and a computational pipeline designed to meet this challenge...