Hepcidin is a cysteine‐rich peptide that functions both as an antimicrobial peptide and a central regulator of iron homeostasis in vertebrates. Structurally, it consists of an N‐terminal signal peptide, a propeptide region and a C‐terminal bioactive mature peptide. The canonical mature hepcidin contains eight conserved cysteine residues that form four disulfide bonds, stabilising a characteristic β‐sheet hairpin‐like structure...

Protein acetylation is a critical post‐translational modification that regulates a wide range of cellular functions. The Antarctic icefish, which lack haemoglobin and functional red blood cells, serves as a unique model to explore the impact of acetylation on haematopoiesis and cold‐adaptive epigenetic mechanisms. Despite its relevance, the specific acetylation mechanisms in Antarctic fish remain poorly understood. In this stu...

With the rapid advancement of intelligent aquaculture, precise individual identification of underwater fish has become a crucial method for achieving smart farming. By accurately recognizing and tracking individuals within the same species, researchers can enable individual-level identification and tracking, significantly enhancing the efficiency of research and management. To address the challenges of complex underwater envir...

The hadal zone and Antarctic Ocean are two of the least-explored habitats. Knowledge about human impacts on these two extreme environments is limited. Here, we analyzed the metal accumulations of two amphipod species, Eurythenes gryllus, from the Mariana Trench (6040 m, 11.36° N, 142.41° E) in the West Pacific Ocean, and Pseudorchomene plebs, from the Ross Sea (600 m, 77.12° S, 167,67° E) in the Antarctic. Bioaccumulation of t...

The white‐blooded Antarctic icefish is the only known vertebrate lacking oxygen‐transporting haemoglobins. Fish skin mucus, as the first line of defence against pathogens, can reflect fish welfare. In this study, we analysed the skin mucus proteome profiles of the two Antarctic fish species, the white‐blooded Antarctic icefish, Chionodraco hamatus , and the red‐blooded Antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps , unfolding the diffe...