In teleost fish, branchial ionocytes are important sites for osmoregulation and acid-base regulation by maintaining ionic balance in the body fluid. During the early developmental stages before the formation of the gills, teleost ionocytes are localized in the yolk-sac membrane and body skin. By comparing with teleost fish, much less is known about ionocytes in developing embryos of elasmobranch fish. The present study investi...

Summary In P seudomonas protegens CHA 0 and other fluorescent pseudomonads, the Gac / Rsm signal transduction pathway controls secondary metabolism and suppression of fungal root pathogens via the expression of regulatory small RNAs ( sRNAs ). Because of its high cost, this pathway needs to be protected from overexpression and to be turned off in response to environmental stress such as the lack of nutrients. However, little i...