Epitheliocystis is a distinctive and relatively understudied bacterial infection of finfish skin and gill epithelia that occurs intracellularly and results in the enlargement of the host cells. The Candidatus Syngnamydia salmonis is a bacterial pathogen that affects fish, especially salmon species like trout and salmon. The production of Epitheliocystis by Candidatus Syngnamydia salmonis poses several challenges to the aquacul...

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) widely used for maritime object detection or for monitoring of oceanic parameters that plays vital role prediction of tsunami to life-cycle of marine species by deploying sensor nodes at random locations. However, the dynamic and unpredictable underwater environment poses significant challenges in communication, including interference, collisions, and energy inefficiency. In changing...

Higher demands of food led to higher nitrogen application to promote cropping intensification and produce more which may have negative effects on the environment and lead to pollution. While sustainable wheat production is under threat due to low soil fertility and organic matter due to nutrient degradation at high temperatures in the region. The current research explores the effects of different types of coated urea fertilize...

Runoff generated from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) mainly originates in the massifs of the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalaya (HKH) region of Pakistan. Water supply in early spring depends upon the snow accumulation in the winter and the subsequent temperature. Seasonal temperature variations corroborate the contemporary dynamics of snow and glaciers. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of accelerated warming in high mountai...