Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) encompass a spectrum of cognitive impairments that emerge during the perioperative period. The pathogenesis of PND is multifactorial, involving complex interactions between neuroinflammation, impairment of synaptic plasticity, dysregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. RNA splicing is increasingly recognized...