Agroforestry systems integrate open and woody elements within agricultural landscapes, creating structurally complex ecosystems that provide habitats for diverse taxa, including spiders. This study examined the effect of agroforestry systems on ground-dwelling spiders across multiple European countries. In each country, several mature agroforestry plots were compared with non-agroforestry agricultural and woody reference plots...

Meeting Brazil’s ambitious national commitments on both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation depends on securing its reserves of forest carbon and biodiversity. Brazil’s ‘Forest Code’ is a key tool to reconcile environmental preservation and agricultural production; it limits deforestation and requires forest restoration in illegally deforested areas. However, not all provisions of the law’s 2012 revision ha...