Infectious diseases have become a major challenge in global tilapia aquaculture. This study investigated disease outbreaks affecting red hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) by collecting 80 pooled samples from 36 farms between 2022 and 2024. Although the majority of samples tested positive for tilapia lake virus (TiLV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) was detected in 10% of the cases, specifically in fry and...

Motile Aeromonas septicemia is a major bacterial disease in aquaculture, and the role of Aeromonas dhakensis has likely been underestimated due to frequent misidentification. Alternative control strategies for this pathogen remain limited. In this study, two lytic jumbo bacteriophages, DJC6219 and NK62157, were isolated from municipal wastewater and characterized for their potential as candidate biocontrol agents against A. dh...

Water temperature is a critical environmental factor influencing the severity, replication and transmission of infectious diseases in aquaculture. However, its role in the pathogenesis and shedding dynamics of tilapia lake virus (TiLV), which is an emerging viral pathogen threatening global tilapia production, remains to be fully characterised. We therefore evaluated the temperature‐dependent effects of TiLV infection in Nile...

Due to its advantages of a short production cycle, wide market demand, and profitability, decapod crustacean aquaculture has become one of the fastest‐growing food production systems. However, disease outbreaks have become one of the most important factors limiting the sustainability of decapod crustaceans. This review synthesizes current advancements in the understanding of emerging viral pathogens in decapod crustacean aquac...

Tilapia are one of the most farmed fish groups worldwide, with global production exceeding 6.55 million tons in 2022, generating an estimated market value of approximately USD 20.9 billion. Tilapia are favored for their fast growth rate, adaptability to various farming environments, and high nutritional value as a protein source. However, the tilapia industry has encountered a significant challenge with the emergence of tilapi...

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is a significant threat to global tilapia aquaculture, highlighting the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to manage outbreaks and minimise economic losses. This study presents the development and partial validation of a one‐pot assay integrating RT‐LAMP with the CRISPR/Cas12b system for sensitive and specific TiLV detection. This assay amplifies viral RNA using RT‐LAMP, while CRISPR/Cas12...

Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), which is caused by tilapia lake virus (TiLV), has resulted in significant damage to global tilapia farming. TiLV is a negative‐sense single‐strand RNA virus consisting of 10 genome segments. To date, no commercial vaccine against TiLVD has been developed, and effective strategies to control and prevent TiLVD are lacking. In this study, we developed and tested a chitosan nanoparticle‐based im...

Piscine orthoreovirus‐1 and 3 (PRV‐1, PRV‐3) cause highly prevalent infection in cultured salmonids and can induce heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) resulting in economic losses in aquaculture. However, to date, PRV‐1 and PRV‐3 have withstood replication in continuous cell lines. In this study, we used beating heart cell cultures obtained from different developmental stages of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )...

The guppy, Poecilia reticulata , is one of the most common cultured ornamental fish species, and a popular pet fish highly desired by hobbyists worldwide due to its availability of many brilliantly coloured fish of many varieties. The susceptibility of guppies to diseases presents a remarkable concern for both breeders and hobbyists. In this study, we report the emergence of disease in fancy guppies caused by a previously unch...

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) causes high mortality in farmed and wild tilapia in various countries. We developed a highly specific and sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect and quantify TiLV. The ddPCR assay could detect the virus at a lower threshold than the reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase reaction (RT‐qPCR) method, and the sensitivity of the ddPCR assay was 10‐fold higher. Th...

With the rapid growth of the aquaculture production since the 1980s, there has been a concomitant increase in disease outbreaks. The injudicious and/or incorrect use of antimicrobial agents against diseases of farmed aquatic species poses a considerable threat to the development and growth of a successful and sustainable aquaculture industry. An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important consequence, resulting...

Golden mahseer (Tor putitora) is a critically endangered fish with significant economic importance. However, its reproductive challenges in a captive environment pose a limitation to the successful domestication and aquaculture potential of this species. To understand the role of various genes in gonad maturation and reproduction in golden mahseer, we conducted an RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) study on the brains of mature male and...

The giant snakehead, Channa micropeltes , is an increasingly important economic freshwater fish in Thailand and other regions of Asia. Presently, giant snakehead are cultured under intensive aquaculture conditions, leading to high stress and conditions favouring disease. In this study, we reported a disease outbreak in farmed giant snakehead with a cumulative mortality of 52.5%, continuing for 2 months. The affected fish exhib...

Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD) is an emerging disease in tilapia that is associated with mass mortality affecting global tilapia aquaculture. In this study, red hybrid tilapias ( Oreochromis spp.) were experimentally infected by intracoelomic injection with Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) to gain a better understanding of the clinicopathological changes during infection. Pale bodies and gill were observed in infected fish after...

Various emerging and re‐emerging diseases, such as streptococcosis, tilapia lake virus disease and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus disease, have had a significant economic impact on the tilapia industry over the last decade. These diseases have resulted in high levels of morbidity and mortality, production losses and trade restrictions. In the absence of effective husbandry management, disease prevention strategies...

Probiotics have been used to alleviate disease transmission in aquaculture. However, there are limited studies on probiotic use in modulating tilapia lake virus (TiLV). We assessed commercially available probiotic supplements used in TiLV‐infected tilapia and performed mortality and cohabitation assays. We developed a mechanistic approach to predict dose–response interactions of probiotic effects on mortality and immune gene r...