This study investigates the impacts of two types of El Niño—Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP)—on extreme precipitation occurrences across Antarctica over the 1979–2023 period. While the main analyses focus on the austral cold (May–October) and warm (November–April) seasons, the study also examines the seasonal variations in extreme precipitation across all four austral seasons—summer (DJF), autumn (MAM), winter (JJ...

This article assesses the performance of surface mass balance (SMB) and surface temperature products from seven climate models (ERA5, MERRA2, HIRHAM5_ERA‐Interim, HIRHAM5_ERA5, MARv3.11, RACMO2.3p1 and RACMO2.3p2) to be used as inputs to firn densification models (FDMs), crucial for the whole Antarctic mass balance estimation. The evaluation compiles and utilises a new dataset combining existing observations with 184 stake SMB...

The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) has been losing ice mass and contributing to global sea level rise (GSLR). Given its mass that is enough to cause ∼58 m of GSLR, accurate estimation of mass balance trend is critical for AIS mass loss monitoring and sea level rise forecasting. Here, we present an improved approach to reconciled solutions of mass balance in AIS and its regions from multiple contributing solutions using the input-ou...