Error propagation in coastal shallow-water hydrodynamic models controls the spatial extent over which validation results at discrete observation points can be meaningfully interpreted. In engineering practice, model validation is commonly performed at a limited number of observation stations, whereas the reliability of model predictions in unobserved areas remains difficult to quantify. This study derives an analytical scaling...

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of solid-state fermented commercial pelleted feed with Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, digestive physiology, antioxidant, and immune capacity, as well as morphology and microbiota in intestinal of Tachysurus fulvidraco. A total of 420 fish (49.96 ± 7.10 g) were randomly allocated to twelve 300 L buckets for a 60 d farming trial. The diets of three treatments were establis...