Harmful dinoflagellates are widely distributed in coastal waters worldwide, posing multiple ecological and socioeconomic threats. Climate change may alter the biogeography of these species; however, few studies have linked shifts in harmful dinoflagellates' ecological distribution to their socioeconomic impacts. This study developed a framework to assess the spatiotemporal ecological–social risks posed by harmful dinoflagellat...

Introduction This study focused on a Chinese Antarctic krill vessel utilising continuous pumping fishing technology. The resistance characteristics of Antarctic krill ships trawling in floating ice areas is of great significance for the navigation and fishing of krill ships in ice areas. Methods Firstly, MATLAB programming using discrete elements combined with genetic algorithms was used to construct a normal distribution ice...