The sea cucumber (class Holothuroidea) holds significant commercial value due to strong global demand, especially in East and Southeast Asian markets. Overexploitation of wild stocks has thus driven aquaculture expansion; however, current culture methods remain inadequate to meet projected demand or overcome traditional practice limitations. As evolutionarily ancient endogenous bioactive molecules, neuropeptides regulate diver...

Cell death mechanisms in crustaceans are a complex interplay of processes essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and immune defense. Modes of cell death like apoptosis, necroptosis, and necrosis are well‐documented in crustaceans, serving crucial roles in removing damaged or infected cells. Unlike in other organisms, crustaceans likely lack pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death associated with innate immunity and...

For more than three decades, infectious diseases have been one of the major causes of economic losses in the global shrimp industry. One of the deadliest of the shrimp pathogens is white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which causes mass mortality in farmed shrimp. Various aspects of WSSV pathogenicity have been studied, but in this review, we will focus only on one of them, namely metabolic reprogramming. WSSV’s modulation of host...