Yawning coupled with penile erection is a conserved neurobehavioral syndrome mediated by the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). However, the distinct roles of oxytocin and its co-transmitters remain unresolved. Using chemogenetics, we showed that activation of PVH oxytocin neurons was sufficient to elicit both responses, whereas silencing these neurons abolished them. Viral tracing revealed that these neurons project collater...

A large and highly polyploid genome, long breeding cycles, low narrow-sense heritability of yield and its components, and persisting yield stagnation continue to challenge sugarcane variety improvement through both conventional and molecular breedings. To address this, this study developed an efficient phenotype-based concurrent multi-trait prediction framework using artificial intelligence, leveraging 2700 parent combinations...