A series of physical model tests of a semi-braceless floating wind turbine foundation (FOWT) under freak waves was conducted in the present work. The extreme wave run-up phenomenon on the FOWT columns was reported and investigated. The back column exhibits a median wave run-up amplification factor of 1.65 (a 65% rise from the baseline condition), with the maximum recorded value hitting 3.18, marking a 218% amplification compar...

Climate change is intensifying the co‐occurrence of salinity and waterlogging, exposing plants to a compound stress that is difficult to predict from single‐stressor responses. Here, we synthesized evidence from 109 studies encompassing 4597 observations to quantify how plant growth and key physiological modules respond to salinity, waterlogging, and their combination across major ecological groups and crops. Across moderate s...