Based on the tropical cyclone (TC) best‐track datasets from the China Meteorological Administration during 1949–2020 and the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) datasets, we investigate the characteristics of super typhoons (SuperTYs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and associated mechanism in this study. The results show that SuperTYs are prone to occur in autumn over the WNP, nearly 30% of the autumn TC...

Introduction The impact of upper-ocean temperature on tropical cyclone (TC) activity is an open issue. Compared to the attention devoted to the effect of sea-surface temperature (SST) on TC activities, much less is known about the effect of ocean mixed layer depth (OMLD) on TC activities, which is determined by the ocean temperature below the surface. Methods In this study, a series of idealized numerical experiments were cond...

Subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction of droughts and floods is one of the major challenges of weather and climate prediction. Recent studies suggest that the springtime land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be a new source of S2S predictability. The project “Impact of Initialized Land Surface Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction (LS4P)” was in...

Reliable subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) precipitation prediction is highly desired due to the great socioeconomical implications, yet it remains one of the most challenging topics in the weather/climate prediction research area. As part of the Impact of Initialized Land Temperature and Snowpack on Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction (LS4P) project of the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) program, twenty-one climate mode...

The prediction skill for precipitation anomalies in late spring and summer months—a significant component of extreme climate events—has remained stubbornly low for years. This paper presents a new idea that utilizes information on boreal spring land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to improve prediction of subsequent summer droughts/floods over several regions over t...

Atmospheric moisture transport (AMT) contributes significantly to the recent accelerated Arctic warming. However, the impact of AMT has not been well quantified, not to mention the relative contribution of its impact on microphysical latent heating (LAH) and longwave radiative heating (LWH). A series of Polar‐WRF model experiments with different magnitudes of AMT are conducted to study the response of winter Arctic temperature...

Mei-yu fronts are often accompanied with prominent diabatic heating due to the development of frontal clouds and rain bands. The direct effect and relative importance of diabatic heating on the spatiotemporal morphology of Mei-yu fronts however remain unclear. Here a new frontogenesis function is derived to isolate the effect of diabatic heating and this function is then applied to the latest high resolution reanalysis product...

Flooding events or wet spells have increased over Pakistan in recent years. However, a long‐term classification of large‐scale and synoptic‐scale configuration for these events has been lacking. In this study, a total of 53 wet spells during the period of 1951–2015 over the core monsoon domain of northern Pakistan are identified using rainfall data. Based on daily geopotential height fields from NCEP/NCAR re‐analysis, the domi...

Atmospheric moisture transport (AMT) is known to have an influence on the winter Arctic surface air temperature (SAT). However, a systematic investigation involving a verification of the physical linkages and spatial sensitivity within the Arctic, as well as a quantification of such contribution is still lacking. Our work first verifies the variation coherence between AMT and the SAT over the winters of 1979–2015, based on mul...