Uplink communication across the water–air interface holds great potential for offshore oil surveys and military applications. Among the various methods available for implementing uplink communication, translational acoustic-RF (TARF) communication stands out due to its ability to withstand wave interference and exhibit low absorption losses. However, the physical processes underlying such systems are currently under-researched...

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka BP) was the most recent glacial period when the global ice sheet volume was at a maximum. Therefore, the LGM can be used to investigate atmospheric dynamics under a climate that differed significantly from the present. This study quantitatively compares pollen records of boreal summer (June–July–August) precipitation with the PMIP3 LGM simulations. The data-model comparison shows an overall...