Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) encompass a spectrum of cognitive impairments that emerge during the perioperative period. The pathogenesis of PND is multifactorial, involving complex interactions between neuroinflammation, impairment of synaptic plasticity, dysregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. RNA splicing is increasingly recognized...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) affects multiple fields, including medicine, pharmacy, food safety, and animal husbandry, and poses a major threat to public health and economic development. Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as one of the most critical bacterial pathogens due to its widespread prevalence and significant genetic plasticity. This review outlines currently approved small-molecule drugs for clinical use and their me...