China, as a major maritime nation, the China Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) serves as an objective reflection of the Chinese shipping market and an important indicator for understanding China’s shipping industry globally. The shipping market is a complex ecosystem influenced by various factors, including vessel supply and demand, cargo supply and demand relationships and prices, fuel prices, and competition from substitute...

Most of Australia was in severe drought from 2018 to early 2020. Here we link this drought to the Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) modes associated with Central Pacific (CP) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Over the last 20 years, the occurrence frequency of CP El Niño has increased. This study extends the previous understanding of eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño-Australian...