With global warming, a better understanding of the summer thermal environment is crucial. Distinct from land surface temperature, which is the most widely noticed and employed parameter of the summer thermal environment, we constructed the Summer Comprehensive Heat Index using six common heat indices (outdoor apparent temperature, heat index, Humidex, modified discomfort index, net effective temperature, and simplified wet‐bul...

Marine chlorophyll a is a key molecule for photosynthesis of marine plants and some plankton, which is important in marine ecosystems. This study utilized the chlorophyll a concentration data product observed by the MODIS sensor (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) to construct a long-term sequence of chlorophyll a concentration dataset by processing the raw data. Based on this, the multi-time-scale chlorophyll a co...

Variation in winter temperature is less well understood than in annual and summer temperatures over long timescales, particularly in low-latitude (0–30° N) montane regions with large spatial and topographic heterogeneity. Understanding these variations could be critical for forest manageemnt in these important tree growing regions. We collected tree-ring cores from Yunnan Province in montane southwest China, to determine how w...