In February 2025, a mortality event of unknown aetiology occurred at a hybrid grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus ) aquaculture farm in southern Taiwan, with sporadic daily deaths persisting for a month. Four moribund groupers were collected over three sampling intervals for diagnostic investigation. Gross pathology revealed opaque white discoloration with multifocal petechial haemorrhages in the late...

Between April and July 2020, suspected outbreaks of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection were observed in fourfinger threadfin ( Eleutheronema tetradactylum ) fingerling hatcheries in Pingtung County, southern Taiwan. Affected fish exhibited spiral swimming behaviour and abdominal distension, resulting in mortality rates between 50% and 100%. Histopathological examination showed severe vacuolation in the brain and ocular tis...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. The two main hypotheses regarding AD involve the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) forming plaques and the intracellular hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). These processes are accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxida...