Chinese chestnut ( Castanea mollissima ) is an important germplasm resource for the breeding of Castanea species worldwide with vital ecological and economic value. Biotechnology overcomes the limitations of traditional breeding and accelerates germplasm improvement. However, a genetic transformation system for Chinese chestnut has not yet been established. In this study, a stable and efficient Agrobacterium -mediated genetic...

It is critical to accurately estimate carbon (C) turnover time as it dominates the uncertainty in ecosystem C sinks and their response to future climate change. In the absence of direct observations of ecosystem C losses, C turnover times are commonly estimated under the steady state assumption ( SSA ), which has been applied across a large range of temporal and spatial scales including many at which the validity of the assump...