Introduction Coordinating multiple unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in coastal waters requires simultaneous consideration of COLREGs compliance, real-time response, energy efficiency, fault tolerance, and semantic scene understanding. Existing approaches typically address only part of this problem and provide limited support for integrated fleet-level coordination. Methods This paper proposes NSC-Marine, a neuro-symbolic frame...

A comprehensive understanding of the upper-ocean response to typhoons is critical for improving typhoon intensity prediction. Although background mesoscale environments modulate the upper ocean, how submesoscale dynamics specifically drive the three-dimensional reshaping of the post-typhoon wake remains unclear. Our study employs a one-way nested model configuration (9 km parent grid and 3 km child grid) to examine the multisc...

This study provides a systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution and trends in the frequency of significant wave height (SWH) exceeding level 5 (SWH > 2.5 m) and level 7 (SWH > 6 m) in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) for 1993–2024, which are defined as f5 and f7, respectively, as well as their correlations with major climate indexes. Our results indicate that (1) the high-value zones for the annual mean f5 and f7 are b...