Low-slenderness-ratio, flat-ended autonomous underwater vehicles must balance hydrodynamic resistance against internal volume retention, yet classical slender-body criteria do not fully represent their coupled forebody wake response. A generalized Myring forebody was assessed for an AUV with L = 0.8 m, D = 0.2 m, and L/D = 4.0 using 53 steady three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations with the shear stress t...

Liner shipping accounts for over 80% of the global transportation volume, making substantial contributions to world trade and economic development. To advance global economic integration further, it is essential to link the flows of global liner shipping routes with the complex system of international trade, thereby supporting liner shipping as an effective framework for analyzing international trade and geopolitical trends. T...