Mutations in the OTOF gene are a common cause of hereditary hearing loss and the main cause of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Although it is reported that most of the patients with OTOF mutations have stable, congenital or prelingual onset severe-to-profound hearing loss, some patients show atypical clinical phenotypes, and the genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with OTOF mutations is not yet fully under...

Five new diterpenoids belonging to labdane and isopimarane skeletons, mumic acids A–E ( 1 – 5 ), have been isolated from mumiyo . Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatization.